ch 2

A collection of events is independent if and only if learning that some of them occur does not change the probabilities that any combination of the rest of them occurs. Equivalently, a collection of events is independent if and only if the probability of the intersection of every subcollection is the product of the individual probabilities. The concept of independence has a version conditional on another event. A collection of events is independent conditional on B if and only if the conditional probability of the intersection of every subcollection given B is the product of the individual conditional probabilities given B. Equivalently, a collection of events is conditionally independent given B if and only if learning that some of them (and B) occur does not change the conditional probabilities given B that any combination of the rest of them occur. The full power of conditional independence will become more apparent after we introduce Bayes’ theorem in the next section.

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